Mongolian Khaganates
Mongol rulers of Persia and their successor dynasties
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Case · Lesson in What to Avoid
When Möngke died, Hülegü pulled most of his army back east and left a small force in Syria, which the Mamluks destroyed at Ain Jalut. A succession fight at the centre can undo the strongest campaign at the edge.
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He converted to Islam, brought his commanders with him, and replaced predatory taxation with a regular revenue system. Lasting authority comes from sharing the values of those you govern and treating them fairly.
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The unified Mongol state in Persia and Iraq
Founder of the Ilkhanate, conquered Baghdad and ended the Abbasid Caliphate.
Read the profileConsolidated Ilkhanate power and formed alliances with European Crusader states.
Read the profileFirst Muslim Ilkhan, converted to Islam but was overthrown by Mongol traditionalists.
Read the profileRestored Mongol traditions and maintained diplomatic relations with Europe and China.
Read the profileIntroduced Chinese-style paper money to Persia, though it proved unsuccessful.
Read the profileBrief reign of only a few months before being overthrown.
Read the profileConverted to Islam and made it the official religion, ushering in a golden age of Persian culture.
Read the profileBuilt the magnificent city of Soltaniyeh and promoted arts and architecture.
Read the profileLast effective Ilkhan, after his death the Ilkhanate fragmented into successor states.
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Competing claimants during the collapse
Puppet ruler during the collapse of centralized Ilkhanate authority.
Read the profileBrief pretender during the final fragmentation of the Ilkhanate.
Read the profileOne of several competing claimants during the Ilkhanate's final years.
Read the profileFemale ruler who attempted to restore order during the Ilkhanate's collapse.
Read the profileLast nominal Ilkhan before the khanate dissolved into regional powers.
Read the profileFinal claimant to Ilkhanate throne in Baghdad region.
Read the profileLast Ilkhanate pretender, controlled small territory in northwestern Iran.
Read the profileFinal nominal Ilkhan, ended with his death and complete territorial loss.
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