Heritage Site · Khalkha khanates
Tövkhön Monastery
The mountaintop hermitage of Zanabazar, the first head of Mongolian Buddhism, high above the Orkhon valley.
- Location
- Övörkhangai aimag
- Period
- Khalkha khanates
- Date
- Established 1648
- UNESCO
- Orkhon Valley Cultural Landscape (UNESCO World Heritage, 2004)
History
Zanabazar, the son of the Tüsheet Khan Gombodorji and the first Jebtsundamba Khutuktu, established a retreat here in 1648, when he was only fourteen. Its first buildings were raised in 1653, after his return from Tibet, and he is said to have created some of his finest works of art here.
The Oirats destroyed the monastery in 1688 during the Dzungar invasion of Khalkha. It was restored in 1773, badly damaged again in the purges of the late 1930s, and has since been rebuilt.
What to See
- The hermitage buildings set among the rocks near the summit
- Meditation caves and pilgrimage sites associated with Zanabazar
- Wide views over forested mountains and the upper Orkhon valley
Visiting
- About 47 km southwest of Kharkhorin, on a mountain at roughly 2,600 m.
- The final approach is a steep walk or horse ride up the mountain; good footwear is essential.
- Best visited in summer; weather on the mountain can change quickly.
Also in the Region
Orkhon Valley
Mongol Empire
Karakorum
The capital of the Mongol Empire, walled by Ögedei Khan in 1235 and visited by envoys from across Eurasia.
Khalkha khanates
Erdene Zuu Monastery
Probably the oldest surviving Buddhist monastery in Mongolia, founded by Abtai Sain Khan in 1585 with stone from the ruins of Karakorum.
Second Göktürk Khaganate
Khöshöö Tsaidam and the Orkhon Inscriptions
The memorial complexes of Kültegin and Bilge Qaghan, whose inscriptions are among the earliest surviving texts in a Turkic language.
Uyghur Khaganate
Khar Balgas (Ordu-Baliq)
The ruined capital of the Uyghur Khaganate, one of the first true cities on the Mongolian steppe, destroyed by the Yenisei Kyrgyz in 840.