Turkic Khaganates
The Tiele were a large group of Turkic-speaking tribes north of the Göktürks, among them the Xueyantuo, Uyghurs and Qibi. In 605 some of them rose against the Western Türks and raised qaghans of their own. In 629 the Xueyantuo chief Yinan took the title Zhenzhu Bilge Qaghan, and after the Eastern Türks fell to the Tang in 630 he ruled the Mongolian steppe. The khaganate collapsed in 646, when the Uyghurs and the Tang destroyed it, opening the way for the Uyghurs.
2 Rulers
When the Western Türk khagan attacked them in 605, the Tiele tribes of the Turfan region broke away and set up a qaghanate of their own under the Qibi chief, with the Xueyantuo leader as lesser qaghan. They held the Turfan section of the Silk Road until both gave up their titles and rejoined the Western Türks around 610.
Chief of the Qibi tribe raised as qaghan by the Tiele who broke from the Western Türks in 605; gave up the title around 610.
Read the profileXueyantuo leader made lesser qaghan of the Tiele in 605; gave up the title around 610. His descendants founded the Xueyantuo Khaganate.
Read the profile3 Rulers
Yinan led the Xueyantuo east and, with Tang support, made them the leading power on the Mongolian steppe after the Eastern Türks fell. His sons quarrelled after his death, and in 646 the Uyghurs and the Tang destroyed the khaganate.
Founder of the Xueyantuo Khaganate; recognised by the Tang in 629, he ruled the Mongolian steppe after the Eastern Türks fell in 630 and resisted Tang efforts to revive the Türks under Qilibi.
Read the profileSon of Zhenzhu who killed his brother to take the throne and raided the Tang; defeated by the Tang and killed by the Uyghurs in 646.
Read the profileNephew of Zhenzhu, raised by 70,000 Xueyantuo refugees after Duomi's death; gave up the title and surrendered to the Tang general Li Shiji in 646.
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